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resistance points

  • 1 предельные пункты

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > предельные пункты

  • 2 предельные пункты изменения курсов

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > предельные пункты изменения курсов

  • 3 точечная контактная сварка

    1. resistance-spot welding
    2. 21

     

    точечная контактная сварка
    Контактная сварка, при которой сварное соединение получается между торцами электродов, передающих усилие сжатия.
    [ ГОСТ 2601-84]

    сварка контактная точечная
    Контактная сварка, при которой сварное соединение элементов получается между торцами электродов, проводящих ток и передающих усилие сжатия
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    точечная контактная сварка
    Контактная сварка, при которой шов получается в точке между деталями, расположенными между электродами, причем площадь сварной точки в контакте деталь - деталь приблизительно равна площади контактной поверхности электродов (см. рисунок 20).
    Примечание - Во время сварки усилие сжатия передается через электроды.
    2088
    Рисунок 20 - Точечная контактная сварка (лист 1)
    1 - сварная точка; 2 - электрод для точечной сварки; 3 - деталь; 4 - электрод для точечной сварки; 5 - источник питания
    а) Двусторонняя точечная контактная сварка

    2089
    Рисунок 20 - Точечная контактная сварка (лист 2)
    1 - нижняя плита; 2 - сварная точка; 3 - деталь; 4 - источник питания; 5 - электроды для точечной сварки
    b) Односторонняя точечная контактная сварка
    [ ГОСТ Р ИСО 857-1-2009]

    Тематики

    • сварка, резка, пайка

    EN

    DE

    FR

    4.1.7.2 точечная контактная сварка (21): Контактная сварка, при которой шов получается в точке между деталями, расположенными между электродами, причем площадь сварной точки в контакте деталь-деталь приблизительно равна площади контактной поверхности электродов (см. рисунок 20).

    Примечание - Во время сварки усилие сжатия передается через электроды.

    x026.jpg

    1 - сварная точка; 2 - электрод для точечной сварки; 3 - деталь;

    а) Двусторонняя точечная контактная сварка (212)

    Рисунок 20 - Точечная контактная сварка (лист 1)

    x027.jpg

    1 - нижняя плита; 2 - сварная точка; 3 - деталь;

    b) Односторонняя точечная контактная сварка (211)

    Рисунок 20 - Точечная контактная сварка (лист 2)

    Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 857-1-2009: Сварка и родственные процессы. Словарь. Часть 1. Процессы сварки металлов. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > точечная контактная сварка

  • 4 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

    Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:
    IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis
    JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)
    PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)
    PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    \
    О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts
    \
    1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.
    2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.
    3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.
    5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.
    6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.
    7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.
    9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.
    10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.
    11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.
    12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.
    14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.
    15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.
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    19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
    20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.
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    22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.
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    25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.
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    88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.
    89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.
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    92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.
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    719. Reik, T. (1919) Ritual. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    720. Reiser, M. (1984) Mind, Brain and Body New York: Basic Books.
    721. Richards, A. D. (1985) Isakower-like experience on the couch. PQ. 54.
    722. Ricoeur, P. (1970) Freud and Philosophy. New Haven — Yale Univ. Press.
    723. Ricoeur, P. (1976) Interpretation Theory. Forth Worth-Texas Christian Univ. Press.
    724. Rinsley, D. B. (1982) Fairbairn's object relations and classical concepts of dynamics and structure. In: Borderline and Other Self Disorders' A Developmental and Object-Relations Respective New York: Jason Aronson.
    725. Rioch, M. (1970) The work of W. R Bion on groups. Psychiatry, 33.
    726. Ritvo, S. (1971) Late adolescence. PSOC, 18.
    727. Ritvo, S. (1974) Current status of the concept of infantile neurosis. PSOC, 29.
    728. Robbins, F & Sadow, L (1974) A developmental hypothesis of reality processing. JAPA, 22.
    729. Rodman, F. R. (1987) Introduction In the Spontaneous Gesture — Selected Letters of D. W. Winnicott, ed. F. R. Rodman Cambridge—Harvard Univ. Press.
    730. Roiphe, H. (1968) On an early genital phase. PSOC, 23.
    731. Roiphe, H. & Galenson, E. (1981) Infantile Roots of Sexual Identity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    732. Rose, G. (1978) The creativity of everyday life. In: Grolnick et al (1978).
    733. Rose, H. (1928) A Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Methuen.
    734. Rosenblatt, A. D. & Thickstun, J T. (1970) A study of the concept of psychic energy. IJP, 51.
    735. Rosenthal, S. M. (1968) The involutional depressive syndrome. Amer J. Psychiat., 124.
    736. Ross, N. (1967) The "as-if" concept. JAPA, 15.
    737. Ross, N. (1970) The primacy of genitality in the light of ego psychology. JAPA, 18.
    738. Rothstein, A. (1983) The Structural Hypothesis. New York: Int., Univ. Press.
    739. Roughton, R. Action and acting out. FMC. Forthcoming.
    740. Rubinstein, B. B. (1972) On metaphor and related phenomena. In: Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science, ed. A. R. Holt & E. Peterfreund., New York: Int. Univ. Press, vol. 1.
    741. Rutter, M. (1972) Maternal Deprivation. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
    742. Rycroft, C. (1968) A critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis New York: Basic Books.
    743. Sachs, D. M. (1979) On the relationship between psycho-analysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Bull. Phila Assn. Psychoanal, 6.
    744. Sachs, H. (1942) The Creative Unconscious Cambridge, Mass.: Sci. Art. Publishers.
    745. Samuels, A. (1985) Jung and the Post-Jungians London — Routledge & Kegan Paul.
    746. Sandler, J. (1960) On the concept of the superego. PSOC, 15.
    747. Sandler, J., Dare, C. & Holder, A (1973) The negative therapeutic reaction. In: The Patient and the Analyst New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    748. Sandler, J. & Freud, A. (1985) The Analysis of Defense. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    749. Sandler, J., Hodler, A. & Meers, D. (1963) The ego ideal and the ideal self. PSOC, 18.
    750. Sandler, J., Kennedy, H & Tyson, R. L (1980) The Technique of Child Psychoanalysis. Cambridge—Harvard Univ. Press.
    751. Sandler, J. & Rosenblatt, B. (1962) The concept of the representational world. PSOC, 17.
    752. Sandler, J. & Sandier, A. M. (1978) On the development of object relationships and affects. IJP, 59.
    753. Sarlin, C. N. (1962) Depersonalization and derealization. JAPA, 10.
    754. Sarlin, C. N. (1970) The current status of the concept of genital primacy. JAPA. 18.
    755. Sarnoff, C. A. (1978) Latency. New York: Aronson.
    756. Saussure de, F. (1911) Course in General Linguistic. New York: McGraw Hill.
    757. Schafer. R. (1968) Aspects of Internalization. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    758. Schafer. R. (1974) Problems in Freud's psychology of women. JAPA, 22.
    759. Schafer. R. (1975) Psychoanalysis without psychodynamics. IJP, 56.
    760. Schafer. R. (1976) A New Language for Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
    761. Schafer. R. (1983) The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books.
    762. Schechner, R. & Schuman, M. (1976) Ritual, Play and Performance New York: Seabury Press.
    763. Schlesinger, N. & Robbins, F. P. (1983) A Developmental View of the Psychoanalytic Process. New York; Int. Univ. Press.
    764. Schneirla, T. C. (1959) An evolutionary and developmental theory of biphasic processes underlying approach and withdrawal. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. H. R. Jones. London: Univ. Nebraska Press.
    765. Schur, M. (1955) Comments on the metapsychology of somatization. PSOC, 10.
    766. Schur, M. (1966) The Id and the Regulatory Principles of Mental Functioning. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    767. Schuster. D. B. (1969) Bisexuality and body as phallus. PQ, 38.
    768. Schwartz, H. J., ed. (1984) Psychotherapy of the Combat Veteran. New York: SP Medical and Scientific Books.
    769. Segal, H. (1957) Notes on symbol formation. IJP, 39.
    770. Segal, H. (1964) Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein. London: Hogarth Press, 1973.
    771. Segal, H. (1973) Introduction to the work of Melanie Klein. London: W. Heinemann.
    772. Segal, H. (1981) The Work of Hanna Segal. New York: Jason Aronson.
    773. Segal, H. (1986) Illumination of the dim, shadowy era. Sunday Times, London, May 11, 1986.
    774. Shane, M. Shane, E. (1982) Psychoanalytic theories of aggression. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 2.
    775. Shane, M. Shane, E. (1984) The end phase of analysis. JAPA, 32.
    776. Shane, M. Shane, E. (1985) Change and integration in psychoanalytic developmental theory. In: New Ideas in Psychoanalysis, ed. C. F. Settlage & R. Brockbank. Hillsdale, N. J. Analytic Press.
    777. Shapiro, T. (1979) Clinical Psycholinguistics. New York: Plenum Press.
    778. Shapiro, T. (1984) On neutrality. JAPA, 32.
    779. Shengold, L. (1967) The effects of overstimulation. IJP, 48.
    780. Shopper, M. (1979) The (re)discovery of the vagina and the importance of the menstrual tampon. In: Female Adolescent Development, ed. M. Sugar. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
    781. Sifneos, P. E. (1975) Problems of psychotherapy of patients with alexithymic characteristics and physical disease Psychother & Psychosom., 26.
    782. Slap, J. & Saykin, J. (1984) On the nature and organization of the repressed. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 4.
    783. Slovenko, R. (1973) Psychiatry and Law. Boston: Little, Brown.
    784. Smith, J. H. (1976) Language and the genealogy of the absent object. In: Psychiatry and the Humanities, vol. 1, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven-Yale Univ. Press.
    785. Smith, J. H. ed. (1978) Psychoanalysis and Language. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
    786. Smith, W. R. (1894) The Religion of the Semites. New York: Meridian Library, 1956.
    787. Socarides, C. W. (1963) The historical development of theoretical and clinical aspects of female homosexuality. JAPA, 11.
    788. Socarides, C. W. (1970) A psychoanalytic study of the desire for sexual transformation ("transsexualism"). IJP, 51.
    789. Socarides, C. W. (1978) Homosexuality. New York: Jason Aronson.
    790. Socarides, C. W. (1982) Abdication fathers, Homosexual Sons. In: Father and Child, ed. S. H. Cath, A. R. Gurwitt & J. M. Ross. Boston: Little, Brown.
    791. Solnit, A. J. & Ritvo, S. Instinct theory. PMC. Forthcoming.
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    793. Sours, J. A. (1974) The anorexia nervosa syndrome. IJP, 55.
    794. Sours, J. A. (1980) Starving to Death in a Sia of Objects. New York: Aronson.
    795. Spence, J. T. & Helmrich, R. L. (1978) Masculinity and Femininity. Austin and London: Univ. of Texas Press.
    796. Sperber, D. (1974) Rethinking Symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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    798. Spitz, R. A. (1945) Hospitalism. FSOC. 1.
    799. Spitz, R. A. (1946) Anaclitic depression. PSOC, 2.
    800. Spitz, R. A. (1946) Hospitalism: A follow-up report. PSOC, 2.
    801. Spitz, R. A. (1946) The smiling response. Genet. Psychol. Monagr. 34.
    802. Spitz, R. A. (1955) The primal cavity. PSOC, 10.
    803. Spitz, R. A. (1957) No and Yes. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    804. Spitz, R. A. (1959) A Genetic Field Theory of Ego Formation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    805. Spitz, R. A. (1965) The First Year of Life. New York:Int. Univ. Press.
    806. Spitz, R. A. & Wolf, K. M. (1946) The smiling response. Genet. Psycholol. Monogr., 34.
    807. Spruiell, V. The self. PMC. Forthcoming.
    808. Stamm, J. L. (1962) Altered ego states allied to the depersonalization. JAPA, 10.
    809. Stein, M. (1971) The principle of multiple function. Bull. Phila. Assn. Psychoanal., 21.
    810. Stekely, L. (1960) Success, success neurosis and the self. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 33.
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    812. Stern, D. N. (1974) The goal and structure of mother-infant play. J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 13.
    813. Stern, D. N. (1984) Affect attunement. In: Frontiers of Infant Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books, vol. 2.
    814. Stern, D. N. (1985) The Interpersonal World of the Infant New York: Basic Books.
    815. Stevens, A. (1982) Archetype. London: Rouledge & Kegan Paul.
    816. Stoller, R. J. (1971) The term "transvestism". Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 24.
    817. Stoller, R. J. (1972) The "bedrock" of masculinity and femininity: bisexuality. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 26.
    818. Stoller, R. J. (1974) Hostility and mystery in perversion. IJP, 55.
    819. Stoller, R. J. (1975) Sex and Gender, vol. 2. New York: Jason Aronson.
    820. Stoller, R. J. (1976) Primary femininity. JAPA, 24 (5).
    821. Stoller, R. J. (1982) Hear miss. In: Eating, Sleeping, and Sexuality, ed. M. Zalea. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.
    822. Stoller, R. J. (1985) Observing the Erotic Imagination. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
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    824. Stolorow, R. Transference. PMC. Forthcoming.
    825. Stone, L. (1954) The widening scope of indications for psychoanalysis. JAPA, 2.
    826. Stone, L. (1961) The Psychoanalytic Situation. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    827. Stone, L. (1967) The psychoanalytic situation and transference. JAPA, 15.
    828. Stone, L. (1971) Reflections on the psychoanalytic concept of aggression. FQ, 40.
    829. Stone, L. (1973) On resistance to the psychoanalytic process. In: Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science, ed. B. B. Rubinstein. New York: Macmillan, vol. 2.
    830. Stone, M. H. (1980) Borderline Syndromes. New York: McGrow Hill.
    831. Strachey, J. (1934) The nature of the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis. IJP, 15.
    832. Strachey, J. (1962) The emergence of Freud's fundamental hypothesis. SE, 3.
    833. Strachey, J. (1963) Obituary (Joan Riviere). IJP, 44.
    834. Strachey, J. (1966) General preface. SE, 1.
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    836. Szekely, L. (1960) Success, success neurosis and the self. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 33.
    837. Taylor, G. J. (1977) Alexithymia and countertranceference. Psychother & Psychosom., 28.
    838. Ticho, E. (1972) Termination of psychoanalysis. PQ, 41.
    839. Tolpin, M. (1970) The infantile neurosis. PSOC, 25.
    840. Tolpin, M. (1971) On the beginnings of a cohesive self. PSOC. 26.
    841. Tolpin, M. & Kohut, H. (1980) The disorders of the self. In: The Course of Life, ed. S. Greenspan & G. Pollock. Washington, B. C.: U. S. Dept. Health and Human Services.
    842. Turkle, S. (1986) A review of Grosskurth, P.: Molanie Klein. New York: Times Books, Review, May 18, 1986.
    843. Tyson, P. Development. PMC. Forthcoming.
    844. Tyson, P. (1982) A developmental line of gender identity, gender role, and choice of love object. JAPA, 30.
    845. Tyson, P. & Tyson, R. L. Development. PMC. Forthcoming.
    846. Tyson, P. & Tyson, R. L. The psychoanalitic theory of development. PMC. Forthcoming.
    847. Tyson, P. & Tyson, R. L. (1984) Narcissism and superego development. JAPA, 34.
    848. Tyson, R. & Sundler, J. (1971) Problems in the selection of patients for psychoanalysis. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 44.
    849. Valenstein, A. F. (1979) The concept of "classical" psycho-analysis. JAPA. 27. (suppl.).
    850. Volkan, V. D. (1981) Linking Objects and Linking Phenomena. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    851. Waelder, R. (1930) The principle of multiple function. PQ, 5.
    852. Waelder, R. (1962) Book review of Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method and Philosophy, ed. S. Hook. JAPA, 10.
    853. Waelder, R. (1962) Psychoanalysis scientific method, and philosophy. JAPA, 10.
    854. Waelder, R. (1963) Psychic determinism and the possibility of prediction. PQ, 32.
    855. Waelder, R. (1967) Trauma and the variety of extraordinary challenges. In: Fuest (1967).
    856. Waelder, R. (1967) Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety: forty years later. PQ, 36.
    857. Waldhorn, H. F. (1960) Assessment of analyzability. PQ, 29.
    858. Waldhorn, H. F. & Fine, B. (1971) Trauma and symbolism. Kris Study Group monogr. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    859. Wallace, E. R. (1983) Freud and Anthropology. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    860. Wallerstein, R. Reality. PMC. Forthcoming.
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    863. Wallerstein, R. (1983) Defenses, defense mechanisms and the structure of the mind. JAPA, 31 (suppl.).
    864. Wallerstein, R. (1988) One psychoanalysis or many? IJP, 69.
    865. Wangh, M. (1979) Some psychoanalytic observations on boredom. IJP, 60.
    866. Weinshel, E. M. (1968) Some psychoanalytic considerations on moods. IJP, 51.
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    Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

  • 5 контакт


    contact
    - (клемма) — terminal
    - в соединении, переменный (дефект) — intermittently open connection
    - клеммной колодки — terminal block terminal, тв terminal
    -, надежный (напр., между щеткой и обмоткой потенциометра) — firm contact potentiometer contacts should be adjusted for firm contact with the resistance wire.
    -, незадействованный (шр) — spare terminal /contact/ (of con nectar)
    -, нормально замкнутый (нз) — normally closed (no contact
    пара контактов, находящихся в замкнутом положении при обесточенной обмотке реле. — а contact pair which is closed when the coil of a relay is not energized.
    -,нормально разомкнутый (нр) — normaly open (no) сontact
    пара контактов, находящихся в разомкнутом положении при обесточенной обмотке реле. — а contact pair which is open when the coil of a relay is not energized.
    -, обжатый (в отличие от пайки) — crimp contact
    -, переменный (соединения) — intermittent connection
    -, переставной (регулируемогo резистора) — (contact) lug
    - потенциометра, подвижной — potentiometer wiper
    - (ы) реле — relay contacts
    контакты (1, 2 реле р15) подают +27 в на реле (р14) — contacts (1 and 2) of relay rl15) permit +27 v to be supplied /applied/ to relay rli4.

    contacts i and 2 of relay rli5 close the circuit to supply /apply/ 27 v to relay
    - штепсельного разъема — connector terminal /contact/

    unsolder and tag leads from terminals i through i i of connector psi or pi.
    залипание к.-ов — sticking of contacts
    искрение в (между) к. — sparking between contact points
    нарушение к. в цепи (от выключателя до лампы) — open circuit (from switch to lamp)
    нарушение к. в штепсельном разъеме — open circuit through contacts of plug connector
    отсутствие к. в цепи — open /broken/ circuit
    слипание (спекание) к. — sticking of contacts
    усилие при размыкании и замыкании к. штепсельного разъема — connector contacts engagement and separation force
    замыкать к. — close contacts
    зачищать к. — clean contact points
    зачищать (править) к. — dress contact points
    регулировать зазор между к. до мм — adjust the contact gap to mm
    удерживать к. в замкнутом (разомкнутом) положении — hold the contacts closed (open)

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > контакт

  • 6 очаги

    hotbeds, focal points/centers
    @ очаги противодействия
    focal points/centers of resistance
    @

    Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > очаги

  • 7 ом

    ом; Ω
    Элeктричeскoe сoпрoтивлeниe мeжду двумя тoчкaми прoвoдникa, когда приложенная между этими двумя точками постоянная разность в один вольт генерирует в этом проводнике силу токa в oдин aмпeр и когда этот проводник не является источником какой-либо электродвижушей силы.
    ohm; Ω
    The electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 ampere, this conductor not being the source of any electromotive force.
    (AN 5)

    Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > ом

  • 8 Ω

    ом; Ω
    Элeктричeскoe сoпрoтивлeниe мeжду двумя тoчкaми прoвoдникa, когда приложенная между этими двумя точками постоянная разность в один вольт генерирует в этом проводнике силу токa в oдин aмпeр и когда этот проводник не является источником какой-либо электродвижушей силы.
    ohm; Ω
    The electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 ampere, this conductor not being the source of any electromotive force.
    (AN 5)

    Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > Ω

  • 9 замыкание


    closing, making (circuit)
    (включение цепей) — the relay closes or makes the circuit.
    -, короткое — short-circuit
    прямое соединение (с очень низким сопротивлением) двух точек цепи, приводящее к протеканию тока большой силы (часто вызывающего разрушение k-л. участка эл. цепи). — an abnormal connection of relatively low resistance between two points of a circuit. the result is a flow of excess (often damaging) current between these points.
    - между... — short-circuit between
    - на корпус (массу) — contact to ground
    - обмотки — short-circuli in winding the winding is shorted.
    - след короткого 3. — evidence of shorting
    устранять короткое 3. — unshorten

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > замыкание

  • 10 указывать на

    •

    The high heat flow pointed to some kind of thermal peculiarity.

    •

    The intensity of an ion signal is indicative (or suggestive) of the stability of the ion.

    •

    The Precambrian development of the blue-green algae is attested by the massive calcium-rich rock formations they left behind.

    •

    The name implies (or suggests) complete absence of...

    •

    Equation (.22) suggests that DAB should be inversely proportional to total pressure.

    •

    This suggests that other nonvector mesons may participate.

    •

    The irregularities observed... are evidence for (or of) the existence of...

    •

    This points up (or to) the significance of thunderstorms as a major source of... The diverse uses of these compounds testify to the commercial value of fluoroalkanes.

    •

    This clearly shows the need for an atom reservoir with...

    •

    The term porosity gives an indication of the capacity of a rock to hold a fluid in storage.

    •

    He has pointed to the probable existence of...

    •

    The lack of sediment attested to the youth of the mid-ocean ridges.

    •

    The rotation curves imply (or intimate) the presence of...

    II
    •

    A compass needle will point at (or to, or toward) the magnetic poles.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > указывать на

  • 11 сопротивление точек зажигания

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сопротивление точек зажигания

  • 12 карта

    card, chart, map, sheet
    * * *
    ка́рта ж.
    1. map; (особ. навигационная) chart
    вести́ ка́рту — fill in a map
    наноси́ть на ка́рту — plot on a map or a chart
    определя́ть по ка́рте — determine by chart
    ориенти́ровать ка́рту — set a map
    поднима́ть ка́рту — bring conventional signs on the map into relief
    стро́ить ка́рту, напр. в мерка́торской прое́кции — draw a map [a chart], e. g., on the Mercator projection
    анаглифи́ческая ка́рта — anaglyph, anaglyphic(al) map
    аэронавигацио́нная ка́рта — air-navigation chart
    аэронавигацио́нная, маршру́тная ка́рта — strip air-navigation man
    батиметри́ческая ка́рта — bathygraphic chart
    геологи́ческая ка́рта — geological map
    гидрографи́ческая ка́рта — hydrographic chart
    гидрологи́ческая ка́рта — marine (survey) chart
    гипсометри́ческая ка́рта — hypsometric(al) [hypsographic, altimetric] chart, hypsometric(al) [hypsographic, altimetric, isohypsic, relief] map
    гравиметри́ческая ка́рта — gravimetric map
    гравитацио́нная ка́рта — gravity (anomaly) map
    ка́рта грунто́вых вод — depth-to-water map
    доро́жная ка́рта — highway [route, road] map
    када́стровая ка́рта — cadastral map, cadastral plan
    ка́рта Карно́ мат., киб. — Karnaugh map
    ко́нтурная ка́рта — blank [contour, outline] map
    крупномасшта́бная ка́рта — large-scale map
    магни́тная ка́рта вчт. — magnetic card
    мелкомасшта́бная ка́рта — small-scale map
    метеорологи́ческая ка́рта — meteorological [weather] chart
    навигацио́нная ка́рта — nautical chart
    нема́я ка́рта — outline map
    обзо́рная ка́рта — general chart, genera (purpose) map
    операцио́нная ка́рта — operation sheet, flowsheet
    перфори́рованная ка́рта — punch(ed) card (см. тж. перфокарта)
    откла́дывать перфори́рованную ка́рту ( в перфораторе) — stack a card (in a card punch)
    перфори́рованная ка́рта складско́го учё́та — inventory card
    перфори́рованная ка́рта с краево́й перфора́цией — edge-punched [margin-punched] card
    ка́рта проводи́мости по́чвы — surface-conductivity map (Примечание. “Surface”, а не “soil”, так как учитываются все виды поверхности, в том числе озёра, моря.)
    радионавигацио́нная ка́рта — (radio) direction-finding [radiogoniometric] chart
    релье́фная ка́рта — relief map
    синопти́ческая ка́рта — synoptic chart
    ка́рта сма́зки — lubrication chart
    схемати́ческая ка́рта — schematic [skeleton, sketch] map
    технологи́ческая ка́рта — process chart, process sheet, flowsheet; (для обслуживания, регламентных работ и т. п.) maintenance requirement card, MCR
    ка́рта технологи́ческой осна́стки — tool write-up card
    топографи́ческая ка́рта — topographic [ground, land, surface contour] map
    привя́зывать топографи́ческую ка́рту к опо́рным то́чкам — control a (topographic) map by accurately located points, a (topographic) map is controlled by
    фи́зико-географи́ческая ка́рта — physiographic(al) map
    эконо́мико-географи́ческая ка́рта — economic map
    электрокалибро́вочная ка́рта напряже́ний — voltage chart
    электрокалибро́вочная ка́рта сопротивле́ний — resistance chart

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > карта

  • 13 очаги противодействия

    focal points/centers of resistance

    Русско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > очаги противодействия

  • 14 сварка (металлов)


    welding
    технологический процесс образования неразъемного соединения деталей, конструкций путем их местного сплавпения, — the process of producing an intimate union of similar мetals and metal parts by bringing the areas immediately adjacent to the proposed weld up to the melting points and fusing the metals together.
    - (ппеночных пластиков) — heat sealing
    заварить шов пленочного чехла двигателя при помощи сварочного приспособления, — heat seal the engine envelope using а plastic film sealing iron.
    -, аргона-дуговая — argonarc welding
    - в защитном газе — inert-gas shielded welding
    - в инертном газе (электродуговая) — inert-gas shielded (arc) welding
    - внахлестку — lap welding
    - встык — butt welding
    -, газовая — gas welding
    -, дуговая (эпектродуговая) — arc welding

    welding by using the heat of an electric arc.
    -, кислородно-ацетиленовая — oxyacetylene welding
    -, контактная — resistance welding

    electric welding by means of passing an electric current through the metal.
    - нейтрапьным ппаменем — welding with neutral flame
    -, прихватками — tack welding
    -, роликовая — roll welding
    точечная сварка посредством роликовых электродов. — а spot weld using roll electrоdes.
    -, точечная — spot welding
    -, электродуговая — arc welding

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > сварка (металлов)

  • 15 цепь (электрическая)


    circuit (cct)
    ряд соединенных проводников для прохождения эл. тока. — а number of conductors connected together for the purpose of carrying an electrical current.
    соединение нескольких устроиств, образующее один или несколько каналов (контуров) для выполнения определенных электрических или радиоэлектронных функций. — the interconnection of a number of devices in oле or more closed paths to perform а desired electrical or electronic function.
    - блокировки (эл.) — interlocking circuit
    цепь, в которой работа одного элемента эл. оборудования зависит от окончания срабатываний других элементов. — а circuit in which the орегation of one item of electric apparatus is made dependent on the fulfilment of certain predetermined conditions on other items.
    - блокировки — lock-out /locking-out/ circuit
    цепь, служащая для отключения и удержания в нерабочем состоянии устройства при нарушении его нормальной работы. — function is to shut down and hold а device out of service on occurence of abnormal conditions.
    - взрыва (сро) — (trsp) destruct circuit
    - включена (готова к работе) — circuit armed
    - возбуждения (генератора, эл. мотора) — field circuit
    - галля (роликовая) — roller chain
    -, гальванически развязанная — decoupling circuit

    а circuit used to prevent interaction of one circuit with anotheг.
    - задержки (времени) — delay circuit
    цепь, обеспечивающая задержку прохождения эл. сигнала no времени, — а circuit which delays the passage of а pulse or signal from one part of a circuit t another.
    - зажигания — ignition circuit
    -, замкнутая — closed circuit
    эл. цепь, обеспечивающая протекание эл. тока при подаче напряжения (наличии разности потенциалов), — а complete electric circuit through which current may flow when а voltage is арplied.
    -, кольцевая — loop circuit
    энергопитание обеспечивается по раздельным многоканальным или кольцевым цепям. — electrical energy supply is ensured by means of multichannel or loop circuits separately routed.
    -, коммутационная — switching circuit
    -, контрольная — monitoring /monitor/ circuit
    цепь прибора (или системы). контролирующая нормальную работу прибора, и вызывающая срабатывание устройств сигнализации отказа прибора или прекращения подачи питания. — monitor circuits defect a fault in a system.
    - контроля, электронная — electronic monitoring circuit
    электронная цепь контроля работы пилотажного командного прибора вызывает срабатывание (появление) блейкора красного цвета в случае неисправности (неправильногo показания) прибора. — the electronic monitoring circuits within the flight director deflect red warning flaps into view if a failure occurs that will cause incorreet display.
    -, многоканальная — multi-channel circuit
    - нагрузки — load circuit
    цепь от источника питания до нагрузки (напр., эпектронная лампа эл. двигателя) — the complete circuit required to transfer power from а source to а load (e.g., electron tube, electric motor).
    -, нарушенная (эл.) — open/ broken/ circuit
    -, незамкнутая — open circuit
    разомкнутая цепь, не обеспечивающая протекание эл. тока, — а circuit which does not provide а complete path for the flow of current.
    - обратной связи — feedback circuit
    - опроса (эвм) — sampling circuit
    -, параллельная — parallel circuit
    цепь, в которой все положительные и отрицательные вводы и выводы соединены в соответствующих общих точках, — а circuit in which all positive terminals and negative terminals are connected to their corresponding common points.
    - питания — feed/ power supply/ circuit
    -, последовательная — series circuit
    цепь,в которой вывод одногo сопротивления (нагрузки) соединен с вводом следующего, и т.д. — а circuit in which resistance or other components are connected end to end.
    - потребителя (эл.) — load circuit
    - прохождения сигнала — signal flow circuit
    -, разомкнутая (разорванная) — open/ broken/ circuit
    -, роликовая — roller chain
    - самоконтроля — self-test circuit
    - связи (между системами, блоками) — coupling circuit
    - соединения на — ground circuit
    - управления — control circuit
    -, швартовочная (груза в кабине) — (cargo) tie-down /anchoring chain
    -, электрическая — electric circuit
    -, электронная — electronic circuit
    обрыв ц. — broken circuit
    включать в ц. — connect in circuit
    сопротивление, включенное в цепь, — а resistor is connected in circuit.
    закреплять на ц. — chain
    крышка закреплена цепочкой к горловине, — the cap is chained to the filler.
    замыкать ц. — complete/ close/ circuit
    реле замыкает цепь. защищать ц. с помощью аэс — the relay completes the circuits. protect circuit by circuit breaker
    размыкать (разрывать) ц. — break/ open/ circuit

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > цепь (электрическая)

  • 16 замыкать контакт

    1. closed a contact

    нарушение контакта; контактная неисправность — contact fault

    вступающий в контакт; вступление в контакт — making contact

    2. close a contact

    корка, находящаяся в контакте с хлебной формой — pan crust

    эмиттерный электрод; эмиттерный контакт — emitter contact

    Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > замыкать контакт

  • 17 явление электрической дуги

    1. electric arc phenomenon

     

    явление электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Electric arc phenomenon

    The electric arc is a phenomenon which takes place as a consequence of a discharge which occurs when the voltage between two points exceeds the insulating strength limit of the interposed gas; then, in the presence of suitable conditions, a plasma is generated which carries the electric current till the opening of the protective device on the supply side.

    Gases, which are good insulating means under normal conditions, may become current conductors in consequence of a change in their chemical-physical properties due to a temperature rise or to other external factors.

    To understand how an electrical arc originates, reference can be made to what happens when a circuit opens or closes.

    During the opening phase of an electric circuit the contacts of the protective device start to separate thus offering to the current a gradually decreasing section; therefore the current meets growing resistance with a consequent rise in the temperature.

    As soon as the contacts start to separate, the voltage applied to the circuit exceeds the dielectric strength of the air, causing its perforation through a discharge.

    The high temperature causes the ionization of the surrounding air which keeps the current circulating in the form of electrical arc. Besides thermal ionization, there is also an electron emission from the cathode due to the thermionic effect; the ions formed in the gas due to the very high temperature are accelerated by the electric field, strike the cathode, release energy in the collision thus causing a localized heating which generates electron emission.

    The electrical arc lasts till the voltage at its ends supplies the energy sufficient to compensate for the quantity of heat dissipated and to maintain the suitable conditions of temperature. If the arc is elongated and cooled, the conditions necessary for its maintenance lack and it extinguishes.

    Analogously, an arc can originate also as a consequence of a short-circuit between phases. A short-circuit is a low impedance connection between two conductors at different voltages.

    The conducting element which constitutes the low impedance connection (e.g. a metallic tool forgotten on the busbars inside the enclosure, a wrong wiring or a body of an animal entered inside the enclosure), subject to the difference of potential is passed through by a current of generally high value, depending on the characteristics of the circuit.

    The flow of the high fault current causes the overheating of the cables or of the circuit busbars, up to the melting of the conductors of lower section; as soon as the conductor melts, analogous conditions to those present during the circuit opening arise. At that point an arc starts which lasts either till the protective devices intervene or till the conditions necessary for its stability subsist.

    The electric arc is characterized by an intense ionization of the gaseous means, by reduced drops of the anodic and cathodic voltage (10 V and 40 V respectively), by high or very high current density in the middle of the column (of the order of 102-103 up to 107 A/cm2), by very high temperatures (thousands of °C) always in the middle of the current column and – in low voltage - by a distance between the ends variable from some microns to some centimeters.
    [ABB]

    Явление электрической дуги

    Электрическая дуга между двумя электродами в газе представляет собой физическое явление, возникающее в тот момент, когда напряжения между двумя электродами превышает значение электрической прочности изоляции данного газа.
    При наличии подходящих условий образуется плазма, по которой протекает электрический ток. Ток будет протекать до тех пор, пока на стороне электропитания не сработает защитное устройство.

    Газы, являющиеся хорошим изолятором, при нормальных условиях, могут стать проводником в результате изменения их физико-химических свойств, которые могут произойти вследствие увеличения температуры или в результате воздействия каких-либо иных внешних факторов.

    Для того чтобы понять механизм возникновения электрической дуги, следует рассмотреть, что происходит при размыкании или замыкании электрической цепи.

    При размыкании электрической цепи контакты защитного устройства начинают расходиться, в результате чего постепенно уменьшается сечение контактной поверхности, через которую протекает ток.
    Сопротивление электрической цепи возрастает, что приводит к увеличению температуры.

    Как только контакты начнут отходить один от другого, приложенное напряжение превысит электрическую прочность воздуха, что вызовет электрический пробой.

    Высокая температура приведет к ионизации воздуха, которая обеспечит протекание электрического тока по проводнику, представляющему собой электрическую дугу. Кроме термической ионизации молекул воздуха происходит также эмиссия электронов с катода, вызванная термоэлектронным эффектом. Образующиеся под воздействием очень высокой температуры ионы ускоряются в электрическом поле и бомбардируют катод. Высвобождающаяся, в результате столкновения энергия, вызывает локальный нагрев, который, в свою очередь, приводит к эмиссии электронов.

    Электрическая дуга длится до тех пор, пока напряжение на ее концах обеспечивает поступление энергии, достаточной для компенсации выделяющегося тепла и для сохранения условий поддержания высокой температуры. Если дуга вытягивается и охлаждается, то условия, необходимые для ее поддержания, исчезают и дуга гаснет.

    Аналогичным образом возникает дуга в результате короткого замыкания электрической цепи. Короткое замыкание представляет собой низкоомное соединение двух проводников, находящихся под разными потенциалами.

    Проводящий элемент с малым сопротивлением, например, металлический инструмент, забытый на шинах внутри комплектного устройства, ошибка в электромонтаже или тело животного, случайно попавшего в комплектное устройство, может соединить элементы, находящиеся под разными потенциалами, в результате чего через низкоомное соединение потечет электрический ток, значение которого определяется параметрами образовавшейся короткозамкнутой цепи.

    Протекание большого тока короткого замыкания вызывает перегрев кабелей или шин, который может привести к расплавлению проводников с меньшим сечением. Как только проводник расплавится, возникает ситуация, аналогичная размыканию электрической цепи. Т. е. в момент размыкания возникает дуга, которая длится либо до срабатывания защитного устройства, либо до тех пор, пока существуют условия, обеспечивающие её стабильность.

    Электрическая дуга характеризуется интенсивной ионизацией газов, что приводит к падению анодного и катодного напряжений (на 10 и 40 В соответственно), высокой или очень высокой плотностью тока в середине плазменного шнура (от 102-103 до 107 А/см2), очень высокой температурой (сотни градусов Цельсия) всегда в середине плазменного шнура и низкому падению напряжения при расстоянии между концами дуги от нескольких микрон до нескольких сантиметров.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > явление электрической дуги

  • 18 "дуговая" неисправность

    1. arc fault

     

    "дуговая" неисправность
    Неисправность, приводящая к возникновению дуги.
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    An arc fault occurs when there is a reduction in the dielectric strength of the insulating means (air, in LV switchboards) interposed between two or more conducting elements at different potential.

    The arc is generated at the moment when, due to the high ionization of the air, there is a breakdown of the dielectric of the medium and the consequent flow of the current through it.

    In an arc fault the highest stresses are of thermal type and proportional to RaI2 owing to the high value taken by the arc resistance Ra; this because the fault current flows in a medium which is always insulating, even if extremely ionized.

    Such stresses manifest themselves essentially in the form of:
    • high thermal gradients caused by the quick and intense rise in the air temperature;
    • high pressure gradients in the form of pressure wave;
    • high ionization of the air with consequent reduction of its insulating strength.

    Generally speaking, in a LV assembly designed and tested according to the Standard IEC 60439-1 an arc fault is not very likely to occur; however, should it occur, the consequences would be extremely harmful to both the equipment as well as the personnel (see Chapters 2.2 and 2.3).

    The causes of an arc fault can be both technical as well as non technical; among the latter the most frequent are the following:
    • personnel errors, above all during maintenance operations;
    • installation operations not sufficiently accurate;
    • inadequate maintenance, above all in the case of severe environmental conditions.

    Among the technical causes of an arc fault in a LV assembly the following ones are to be remembered:
    • breakdown of the insulation essentially in the proximity of the supports of the busbars and of the plug-in contacts of the withdrawable units (75% of cases);
    • overvoltages generating disruptive discharges between the points at minimum clearances (15% of cases);
    • constructional defects of the apparatus (10% of cases).
    [ABB]

    К «дуговой» неисправности, относится неисправность, обусловленная уменьшением электрической прочности изолирующей среды (воздуха в НКУ) между двумя или более токоведущими частями, находящимися под разными электрическими потенциалами.

    Дуга образуется в тот момент, когда вследствие высокой ионизации воздуха происходит пробой изолирующей среды, вследствие чего через нее начинает протекать электрический ток.

    Проявлением дуговой неисправности, является тепловое воздействие, пропорциональное RaI2 и достигающее большого значения вследствие большого сопротивления дуги Ra.
    Дело в том, что ток дуги протекает через среду, которая всегда является изолирующей, пусть даже и чрезвычайно ионизированной.

    Указанные воздействия очевидны сами по себе особенно в форме:
    • теплового градиента температуры, вызванного быстрым и интенсивным подъемом температуры воздуха;
    • высоким градиентом давления в форме волны давления;
    • высокой ионизацией воздуха с последующим уменьшением электрической прочности.

    Вообще говоря, в НКУ, разработанных и испытанных в соответствии с требованиями стандарта МЭК 60439-1 «дуговая» неисправность маловероятна. Однако, если дуга все таки возникнет, ее последствия буду чрезвычайно тяжелыми как для оборудования, так и для персонала (см. п. 2.2 и 2.3).

    Причина дуговой неисправности может носить как технический, так и нетехнический характер. Среди последних наиболее часто возникают следующие:
    • ошибки персонала, совершаемые главным образом во время технического обслуживания;
    • недостаточно аккуратное выполнение монтажа;
    • ненадлежащее техническое обслуживание, главным образом при эксплуатации НКУ в тяжелых условиях окружающей среды.

    Среди технических причин дуговой неисправности в НКУ необходимо помнить о следующих:
    • пробой изоляции, особенно вблизи опор шин и втычных контактов выдвижных частей НКУ (75 % случаев);
    • перенапряжения, вызываемые разрушительными электрическими разрядами между точками с минимальными зазорами (15 % случаев);
    • конструктивные дефекты аппаратуры (10 % случаев).
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > "дуговая" неисправность

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